常见题型：语法填空、选择题
主谓一致(subject-verb agreement)指谓语动词在"人称"和"数"的方面与主语保持一致的语法规则。遵循三个基本原则：语法一致(形式一致)、意义一致(概念一致)和就近一致(语序一致)。看似简单但细节繁多，是上海卷语法填空的必得分考点。
一、6条核心规则：
① 集体名词/意义一致：
The family is a large one. 这个家庭很大。(整体→单数)
The family are all fond of music. 全家人都喜欢音乐。(成员→复数)
⚠️ 常作复数的词: police/people/cattle/public → The police are searching for the thief. 警察正在搜捕小偷。
⚠️ 常作单数的词: news/mathematics/physics/politics → The news is exciting. 这消息令人兴奋。
② 量词结构/a number of vs the number of:
A number of students are absent today. 许多学生今天缺席。(a number of = many → 复数)
The number of students is increasing. 学生人数在增加。(the number of → 中心词是number → 单数)
Large quantities of water are wasted every day. 大量的水每天被浪费。(quantities是主语 → 复数)
A large amount of money was spent. 大量的钱被花掉了。(amount + 不可数名词 → 单数)
③ 并列主语：
Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。(不同人→复数)
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼老师要来了。(同一人→单数⚠️ 只有一个the)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 那位作家和那位老师要来了。(两人→复数⚠️ 两个the)
④ 不定代词：
Each of the students has a dictionary. 每个学生都有一本词典。(each → 单数)
Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不正确。(neither → 单数)
Everyone is ready. 每个人都准备好了。(everyone → 单数)
⑤ There be句型(就近原则):
There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌上有一本书和两支笔。(最近主语a book → is)
There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌上有两支笔和一本书。(最近主语two pens → are)
⑥ 定语从句中的主谓一致:
He is one of the students who were praised. 他是被表扬的学生之一。(who指代students → were)
He is the only one of the students who was praised. 他是学生中唯一被表扬的。(who指代the only one → was)
⚠️ "one of + 复数名词" → 从句谓语用复数；"the only one of + 复数名词" → 从句谓语用单数！
⑦ 就远原则(特殊插入结构):
The teacher, together with his students, is going to the museum. 老师和学生们一起去博物馆。
The boy, as well as his parents, likes music. 这个男孩和他的父母一样喜欢音乐。
⚠️ together with / along with / as well as / rather than / including 等不影响主语的核心部分。
语法填空1题, 约占语法总分8%