常见题型：choice、fill、short
社会与文化：上海高考英语词汇模块，覆盖30个高频词，含音标、释义、例句与真题链接，支撑阅读/完形/写作与听说。
【词汇表】
festival /ˈfestɪvl/ — 节日。例：The Spring Festival brings families together.
custom /ˈkʌstəm/ — 习俗。例：It is a local custom to greet elders first.
neighbor /ˈneɪbə(r)/ — 邻居。例：Our neighbor shared homemade mooncakes.
volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ — 志愿者。例：Many students volunteer at the community center.
charity /ˈtʃærəti/ — 慈善。例：The charity collected books for rural schools.
tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ — 传统。例：We respect tradition while embracing change.
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ — 社区。例：The community organized a clean-up day.
citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ — 公民。例：Every citizen should follow traffic rules.
respect /rɪˈspekt/ — 尊重。例：Show respect when visiting a foreign home.
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ — 遗产。例：UNESCO protects world cultural heritage sites.
diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ — 多样性。例：Cultural diversity enriches city life.
identity /aɪˈdentəti/ — 身份认同。例：Teens explore identity through art and sport.
inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ — 不平等。例：Education can reduce social inequality.
migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ — 迁移。例：Rural migration reshaped urban populations.
urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ — 城市化。例：Urbanization brings jobs and traffic pressure.
demographic /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/ — 人口（统计）的。例：Demographic shifts affect school planning.
stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ — 刻板印象。例：Media should avoid gender stereotypes.
prejudice /ˈpredʒʊdɪs/ — 偏见。例：Travel helps break prejudice against strangers.
tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ — 宽容。例：Schools teach tolerance in multicultural classes.
integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ — 融合。例：Language classes aid migrant integration.
civic /ˈsɪvɪk/ — 公民的。例：Civic duty includes voting when eligible.
etiquette /ˈetɪket/ — 礼仪。例：Table etiquette differs across countries.
ceremony /ˈserəməni/ — 仪式。例：The opening ceremony celebrated local artists.
generation gap /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn ɡæp/ — 代沟。例：The generation gap appears in phone habits.
social media /ˈsəʊʃl ˈmiːdiə/ — 社交媒体。例：Social media spreads news within minutes.
assimilation /əˌsɪmɪˈleɪʃn/ — 同化；融入。例：Assimilation should not erase native languages.
cosmopolitan /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/ — 世界性的；国际化的。例：Shanghai is a cosmopolitan trading hub.
pluralism /ˈplʊərəlɪzəm/ — 多元主义。例：Pluralism encourages peaceful coexistence.
gentrification /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ — 绅士化（城区改造）。例：Gentrification raised rents in old districts.
xenophobia /ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə/ — 仇外心理。例：Leaders condemned xenophobia after the crisis.
【记忆方法】按“传统—现代—融合”记 heritage, diversity；搭配 tradition, ceremony。
【口语听力】关联话题：Culture / Customs / Social issues
原因分析：
高考考查词义辨析与固定搭配，脱离语境易选错
正确做法：
每个词至少记一个真题风格例句，并注意介词/动词搭配
错误做法：
只记中文释义，忽视语境与搭配
原因分析：
场景词汇密度高，未建立对比记忆
正确做法：
用对比表区分近义词，结合 examRef 回看过真题语境
错误做法：
混淆形近词或同主题近义词
常考
例题 1
（词汇练习）In the passage about 社会与文化, which word best fits: "The policy aims to ______ public health."?
A. undermine
B. promote
C. ignore
D. delay
解答
【答案】B
【解析】promote 表示促进、提升，与 public health 搭配表示改善公共健康。
解析：
本题考查「社会与文化」场景高频词 promote（促进）的语境运用；undermine 为削弱，与题意相反。
要点：