常见题型：choice、fill、short
环境与自然：上海高考英语词汇模块，覆盖30个高频词，含音标、释义、例句与真题链接，支撑阅读/完形/写作与听说。
【词汇表】
pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ — 污染。例：Air pollution clears after heavy rain.
recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ — 回收利用。例：Please recycle plastic bottles on campus.
forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ — 森林。例：The forest trail is closed during typhoons.
ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ — 海洋。例：Plastic waste threatens ocean wildlife.
climate /ˈklaɪmət/ — 气候。例：Shanghai has a humid subtropical climate.
energy /ˈenədʒi/ — 能源。例：Save energy by turning off unused lights.
wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ — 野生动物。例：Wildlife needs protected habitats to survive.
carbon /ˈkɑːbən/ — 碳。例：Trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere.
emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ — 排放。例：Factories must cut emission levels by 2030.
biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ — 生物多样性。例：Biodiversity loss affects food chains.
ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ — 生态系统。例：Wetlands are fragile ecosystems.
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ — 保护。例：Wildlife conservation needs public support.
deforestation /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ — 滥伐森林。例：Deforestation speeds up soil erosion.
drought /draʊt/ — 干旱。例：Drought forced farmers to change crops.
flood /flʌd/ — 洪水。例：The flood damaged bridges along the river.
habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ — 栖息地。例：Birds return when habitat is restored.
pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ — 农药。例：Organic farms use less pesticide.
renewable energy /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ — 可再生能源。例：Renewable energy powers more city buses.
solar panel /ˈsəʊlə ˈpænl/ — 太阳能电池板。例：Solar panels cover the school roof.
wind turbine /wɪnd ˈtɜːbaɪn/ — 风力涡轮机。例：Wind turbines stand along the coast.
carbon footprint /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ — 碳足迹。例：Cycling lowers your carbon footprint.
greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ — 温室。例：Greenhouse gases trap heat in the air.
sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ — 可持续的。例：Sustainable farming protects soil quality.
restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ — 恢复。例：Volunteers help restore mangrove forests.
mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ — 缓解。例：Trees mitigate urban heat islands.
anthropogenic /ˌænθrəpəˈdʒenɪk/ — 人为造成的。例：Anthropogenic warming worries scientists.
desertification /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ — 沙漠化。例：Desertification spreads on overgrazed land.
sequestration /ˌsiːkwəˈstreɪʃn/ — 碳封存。例：Carbon sequestration stores CO₂ underground.
eutrophication /juːˌtrɒfɪˈkeɪʃn/ — 富营养化。例：Eutrophication harms lake ecosystems.
permafrost /ˈpɜːməfrɒst/ — 永久冻土。例：Melting permafrost releases trapped methane.
【记忆方法】前缀 eco-/environ-；按“问题→措施→结果”记 pollution, conservation, restore。
【口语听力】关联话题：Environment / Nature
原因分析：
高考考查词义辨析与固定搭配，脱离语境易选错
正确做法：
每个词至少记一个真题风格例句，并注意介词/动词搭配
错误做法：
只记中文释义，忽视语境与搭配
原因分析：
场景词汇密度高，未建立对比记忆
正确做法：
用对比表区分近义词，结合 examRef 回看过真题语境
错误做法：
混淆形近词或同主题近义词
常考
例题 1
（词汇练习）In the passage about 环境与自然, which word best fits: "The policy aims to ______ public health."?
A. undermine
B. promote
C. ignore
D. delay
解答
【答案】B
【解析】promote 表示促进、提升，与 public health 搭配表示改善公共健康。
解析：
本题考查「环境与自然」场景高频词 promote（促进）的语境运用；undermine 为削弱，与题意相反。
要点：