常见题型：语法填空、完形填空、选择题
非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，但保留动词的某些特征(可带宾语、状语)。分为三类：不定式(to do)表目的/将来/一次性动作、动名词(doing)表习惯/抽象概念、分词(现在分词doing表主动/进行，过去分词done表被动/完成)。
一、不定式(to do)5种核心用法：
① 作主语: To master a foreign language requires patience. 掌握一门外语需要耐心。
② 作宾语(动词+to do): I decided to apply for the exchange program. 我决定申请交换项目。
③ 作宾语补足语: The teacher encouraged us to think critically. 老师鼓励我们批判性思考。
④ 作定语(修饰名词): She has a dream to become a surgeon. 她有一个成为外科医生的梦想。
⑤ 作状语(目的/结果): He studied hard to pass the entrance exam. 他努力学习以通过入学考试。
⚠️ 陷阱1: 某些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,如enjoy/avoid/finish/suggest/mind等。
I enjoy reading English novels every night. 我每晚喜欢读英语小说。(不能用to read)
⚠️ 陷阱2: 分词作状语时逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. 从山上看，城市很壮观。(城市被看→过去分词)
Seeing the teacher enter, the students stopped talking. 看到老师进来，学生们停止了说话。(学生看→现在分词)
⚠️ 陷阱3: with复合结构中非谓语的选择：
With so many problems to solve, he felt anxious. 有这么多问题要解决，他感到焦虑。(to solve表将来主动)
With the problem solved, he felt relieved. 问题解决了，他感到放松。(solved表被动完成)
语法填空高频考查1-2题 + 完形填空1-2题, 占语法总分15-20%